Japan develops energy-saving communication technology for 6G/7G base station
5G/6G ” and later the “ 7G ” era , Japan launched a breakthrough in the development of low power consumption to realize large capacity communication network technology .
The Japan Institute of Information and Communication Research ( NICT ) and others have developed technologies that simplify wireless base stations and can significantly save energy and reduce costs. This may become a social infrastructure in 2050 as many terminals are connected to ultra-fast networks .
The goal of communication standards after 6G is to achieve high-speed communication of up to 10Gbps, which is 10 to 100 times that of 5G networks . It is expected to use a frequency range of 30 to 300 gigahertz (GHz) called millimeter waves and the THz (Terhertz) frequency range, which is higher than the current 5G frequency range.
At the same time, the increase in energy consumption has become a problem that must be solved. Radio waves are difficult to bend in the millimeter wave, terahertz frequency bands, and the transmission distance is short. The Network Research Institute NICT stated that in order to ensure the same level of communication coverage as current standards, “a base station must be installed every 100 metres.” With a simple calculation, the number of base stations will increase to 100 times the original.
The wireless signal processing burden of more than 100 Gbps is also heavy, and the power consumption of the signal processing electronic components will increase. If the system architecture that is processed by the base station is adopted, such as 4G and 5G , it will become a wireless communication network with huge power consumption.
To this end, NICT, Japan's Sumitomo Osaka Cement, and Waseda University are studying new treatment regimens. The system uses the signal processing function to be focused in the containment station connected to the base stations in various places by the optical fiber line, and then the wireless signal received by the base station is directly uploaded to the optical fiber line and processed by the containment station. The purpose is to simplify the functions of the base station and reduce the overall energy consumption.
In the test environment of simulating base stations and containment stations, the researchers successfully realized the direct transmission of radio millimeter wave signals over optical fibers. The connection speed is equivalent to 71 gigabytes per second.
There are two newly developed techniques such as NICT . One is the component that converts the wireless signal received by the base station into an optical signal . This part uses the same material as commercially available products that support the frequency range below 50 GHz, and the crystal thickness of the substrate is reduced to less than 100 μm through microprocessing, which is only one-fifth of the original. This can reduce mid-range radio wave leakage, and support frequency bands above 100GHz at high speed.
The second technology is "wireless fiber" technology that transmits wireless signals directly from the base station to the optical fiber. People use the method of transmitting signals from the containment station, sending signals as a reference (the frequency band can be specified for transmitting and receiving radio signals) to each base station via optical fibers.
However, there are still issues that need to be resolved if the relevant technologies are to be used in practice. For example, to further improve the efficiency of the switching parts, as well as the backup plan when the optical fiber signal cannot be transmitted properly. However, in the middle of 2020 to around 2030, progress is expected in the development of some systems for mobile operators.
In the mid-2030s, when 6G is expected to become mainstream, the system may continue to be popularized. Simple base stations have cost advantages and will easily extend the coverage area of communications. It is expected that in the 7G era after 2040, communications in the terahertz frequency band will also be implemented
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