Scientists first created an error-resistant quantum computer. How will new technology change science and the economy?
Scientists from the United States have learned to correct quantum computer errors
Duke University specialists have been able to solve fundamental problems associated with errors in quantum computers. The authors collected several qubits, with the help of future machines, so that they act as a single unit, that is, they form a logical qubit. In this design, one qubit contains the necessary information, while the others allow you to correct errors. Thus, the possibility of quantum errors can be reduced.
The machines of the future are so complex that they require special languages and skilled professionals to work with them.
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Quantum computers should replace supercomputers
Before the invention of quantum computers, scientists relied on supercomputers - devices that differ from ordinary computers in size and the presence of hundreds, if not thousands of CPU cores. However, ordinary computers, even with thousands of cores, are not very suitable for working with certain data sets. IBM, which built about 20 quantum computers, attributes the shortcomings of classical machines to their structural features.
For example, a problem is presented when you need to place several highly sensitive guests at the tables, and at the same time there is only one perfect seating plan. In the case of five guests, there are 120 such combinations. If the number of guests increases to 10, then there will be more than three million combinations. A conventional computer will begin to solve the problem gradually, processing each group - it will take a long time to answer. A quantum computer will create a huge multidimensional space where it can hold all the answers and find the right one.
Company believes Google Tags , which is also working on a quantum computer, the computing that takes modern computers take 10,000 years to be completed within three minutes and a half. For example, there is a given list of trillion values, and you only need to find one matching element. Provided that milliseconds were given to examine each element, a normal computer could handle it in a week, and a quantitative one in less than a second. Classic machines - even if they are equipped with thousands of processors with tens of thousands of cores - work with bits, that is, they see information in a binary system. In this case, the data takes values in the form of one or zero only. Quantum machines perform calculations using qubits, where information can have value as one and as a zero.
This means that qubits, unlike bits, can take different values at the same time and perform calculations that a conventional computer cannot do by nature.
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Quantum computers are intended to be used primarily in the scientific and financial fields.
Primarily, these advanced devices can be used to conduct scientific experiments. For example, it is possible to simulate the behavior of atoms and particles, which is now realistic to recreate only at a very complex level, for example, in the Large Hadron Collider. Also, quantum computers can operate with huge amounts of data, made up of millions of elements. According to scientist Lov Grover, an ordinary machine would analyze a rule with a million units in a million steps, and a quantum computer would spend only a thousand.
We've already mentioned that quantum computers run on qubits, which means they can work with a huge amount of data at the same time. For example, such a device can quickly crack any encryption by simple identification. If you look at the situation from the other side, then advanced computers can be used to prevent hacking of various systems. Of course, quantum computers are useful when working with artificial intelligence, which often relies on aggregate processing of very large amounts of data in order to predict and make decisions more accurately.
It is possible that in the early days of quantum computers, machines would be used in the financial arena. It differs from many in that it captures huge data. The devices can perform complex financial calculations and simulate market movements.
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Scientists have not yet been able to overcome the main problems of quantum computers
According to physicist Juan José García Ripoll, quantum computers are needed where ordinary computers cannot quickly cope with the flow of information. In classical computing, we know how to solve a problem thanks to computer language, where a machine takes on three meanings - 'and', 'or', 'no'. In quantum computers, there are many values and possibilities. “They work differently. Ripoll points out that a quantum computer is not suitable for everyday tasks.
Engineers note that given classical problems, it is impractical to use a quantum computer. First, these computers are very expensive. In particular, Google does not disclose , That financed this project, for the unit cost of future equipment, but allocates "billions of dollars" to its creation. Secondly, working with such complex devices requires not only highly qualified specialists, but also special conditions. For correct operation, the system must be completely isolated: there is practically no atmospheric pressure and the influence of the Earth's magnetic field in the cores, and the temperature - minus 273 degrees Celsius.
It is also impossible to store large amounts of information in such devices - they are designed for computations. The quantum properties of the computer are destroyed. "They work for very short periods of time," Ripoll says.
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