What is a digital computer and its types and why is it called a digital computer?
Friends, today in this post, I have described in detail a digital computer, what is a digital computer , types of digital computer, features of a digital computer , computer classification and computer history.? We have shared the topics information etc, so let's get started and know first of all, Digital Computer i
What is a digital computer (what is a digital computer)Digital computer Meaning - A digital computer is a digital system that performs various computational tasks. The word numeric means the reference to information by variables in a computer, which is the finite number of computers and the term means computer is or computation, so it is considered a Kalkuleting device in a common language. Details given as input into a digital computer are called data. The output result obtained from a digital computer is often called information or information. The digital computer takes the input data, processes it and then displays the information or result on the output device
Nowadays, the definition of computer has changed because now the use of computer is not only for doing arithmetic operations but also very easily in many other fields like video, music, graphics , internet work etc.
Uses a digital computer in all over the world , a powerful device very is the most widely used electronic devices. It is a machine or device that processes any kind of data information by converting it into machine language. Through this device, whenever we enter some data into the computer, it gives us the output within a few seconds.
Digital computers use the binary number system, which consists of two digits - 0 and 1 . The smallest unit of data in a computer is a bit . A binary numbers are called bits. In digital computers, information is represented in groups of bits.The first electronic digital computer was discovered in the late 1940s and was designed primarily for digital computations. Whatever words are written into the computer, the computer converts them into a binary language, which is why computers and humans communicate with each other. Some basic examples of digital computers are personal computer, desktop, laptop, smartphone, mobile phone, digital watch, calculator, etc.
There are three basic parts in a digital computer, which include the following:
Input: When the user normally writes data into the device, this is known as input.
Processing: The data entered by the user into the internal part of the device is processed using a specific sequence.
Output: When the data is fully processed, the output result is shown based on the input to the user.
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types of digital computer
A digital computer is a device that needs to be programmed to get the desired output. It uses electronic technology to create, store, and process many different types of data. Based on the size and type of device, digital computers are divided into the following four categories.
- microcomputer
- mini computer
- mainframe
- supercomputer
micro computer
Microcomputers are commonly called personal computers. Microcomputers are computers that you use to perform normal tasks themselves. Nowadays, mini computers are used more than small to large businesses and in their personal business.
These computers run on microprocessors. Under this, the input/output unit, storage unit, motherboard, and central processing unit (CPU) are other equipment. The size of this computer is small and at the same time its cost is also low. Below are examples of Pentium microprocessor based mini PCs, IBM PC, Dell, HP, and Apple Macintosh . Small computers include computers or laptops , desktop computers, laptops, laptops, smartphones, and tablets.
mini computer
A microcomputer is a medium sized multiprocessor computer known as a mid range computer. Consists of two or more processors, so it can share the same computer memory and peripherals with many users simultaneously. It has more processing capacity than a microcomputer but less than a main computer.
The mini computer is located between the main computer and the mini computer because it is larger than the mini computer but smaller than the main computer. Microcomputers are mostly used in large organizations, traffic control areas, departmental billing, banks, large corporations, accounting, database management, file management, business transactions and inventory management. Examples of mini PCs - DEC PDP, VAX series , Apple iPad, IBM AS/400e, Honeywell200 etc.
mainframe
Mainframes are generally large in size. To keep them a separate room or space is needed. It is mainly used for processing data in very large quantities and its data storage capacity is very high. Mainframe computers are also known to be highly reliable. Mainframes are larger than mini PCs and mini PCs and are more powerful and their processing capacity is much faster. But these computers are not more powerful than supercomputers.
Mainframes are designed in such a way that hundreds or thousands of users can access them simultaneously. This means that different operations can be performed simultaneously. This type of computer is used in large organizations such as banks, telecom sector, major industrial companies, government departments and various sectors. Mainframe example- IBM zSeries such as IBM z15, IBM z14, IBM System z13, etc.
great computer
The supercomputer as you understand from its name, it works very fast. The supercomputer is the largest, fastest, and most expensive computer in the world. It is a very advanced computer and this computer has thousands of processors, and it performs trillions of calculations per second, so its working capacity is the highest compared to other computers.
It plays a very important role in the computer industry. It can also be called a group of several computers that process data in parallel. Supercomputers are widely used to perform complex computer-related tasks such as scientific fields, satellite or space departments, weather forecasting, climate testing, atomic energy research, oil and gas monitoring, education sector, engineering fields, etc. PARAM is a series of original supercomputers developed by C-DAC in India. The name of India's first supercomputer is " PARAM 8000 " and the name of the latest supercomputer made in this series is " PARAM-Siddhi AI". India ranks 63 in the list of the world's 500 most powerful supercomputers. Examples of the world's fastest computers are Sierra ( US ), Sunway TaihuLight ( China ), Frontera (US), and Summit ( US )
Classification of computers
Computer classification : Computers are categorized into analog, digital, and hybrid computers on the basis of work, size, and capacity. Each category is used for its specific purpose and has its own significance.
analog computer
Analog computers mainly rely on voltage and current along with electrical signals and show the output continuously. Analog computers are generally slower than digital computers. For example, thermometer , voltmeter, speedometer. These computers store data and perform calculations in a very different way than digital computers that use symbolic ways to display the data.
digital computer
Digital computers are computers that operate on data in binary form, i.e. 0 and number 1 . Its main advantage is that it is fast and reprogrammable. Similar types of computers are currently in vogue, examples are smartphones, tabs, laptops, and calculators.
hybrid computer
Hybrid computers are made for the purpose of doing a particular task, these computers are more reliable and have many qualities. It is made up of both analog and digital computer, hence it is called Hybrid Computer. Commonly used for scientific applications, aircraft, large industries and hospitals. Some examples are traffic control, medical fields, weather, ultrasound machines, monitoring machines, etc.
Features or characteristics of a digital computer
Memory capacity: Digital computers can store large amounts of data or information in memory and can retrieve the data back within a second. Data or information can be stored in memory at any time and can be retrieved or accessed again at any time, such as hard disk, hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk, etc.
Very flexible: These computers multi-task without any human intervention i.e. processing a lot of tasks at once, such as printing a page while drafting documents, listening to music, chatting, etc. So it is very flexible and versatile.
Good Speed: Digital computers run very fast and process all tasks or instructions at high speed in an instant. It can solve any task or instruction in a split second.
Accuracy: These devices are useful in storing all the information data in memory which helps in getting accurate data when needed at a particular time. The computer does all the exact calculations without making any mistakes. In this, any error comes only when wrong inputs or instructions are given by the person.
Diligence: The computer can do any work continuously without getting tired. He does not have any kind of weakness or fatigue, so that he can carry out any work continuously without any error or interruption. Therefore, due to this computer capability, there has been a lot of development in the progress of human work.
Automatic: These devices become automatic as soon as they are started. They do not need to intervene unless something is specifically necessary.
digital computer components
Now you know, how many parts or components are there in a computer? Following are the basic components of a digital computer:-
input device
Input devices are usually the devices connected to the system such as mouse, keyboard, printer, microphone, scanner, etc. The user gives instructions to the system with the help of input devices and the computer takes action after understanding these instructions, after which the computer converts this input into a binary language which is easy to understand by the computer.
CPU
The CPU is the central processing unit, which is considered the brain of the computer because it controls the entire computer system. When the user enters through an input device, the CPU processes it, that is, the CPU does the arithmetic work and then sends the result to the output device. There are many different components within a CPU, which have different responsibilities for its functioning.
ALU
Its complete form is the Arithmetic Logic Unit, which is a digital circuit for computers . ALU is used primarily in all arithmetic, logical, and mathematical calculations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Control unit
The main function of the controller is to control data and instructions. Manages and coordinates all computer units. The controller receives instructions from memory, interprets them, and thus sends the instructions to the input/output devices.
memory
This part of the computer is mainly used to store data, it is also called "internal memory". The internal memory is divided into several locations where instructions are stored. Each of these sites has a unique address and the same size. With the help of this unique address, the computer can easily read the data stored in the memory without searching the entire memory location. When the program is run, the data is stored in the internal memory and remains until the end of the execution.
output devices
Output devices are the devices connected to the computer through which information can be displayed and accessed on various output devices. Converts binary data in a computer into a language that a computer user can understand on the output device. The output is displayed in the computer as 0 and 1, which in computer language is called machine language . Common examples of some output devices are hard disks, monitors, monitors, graphics, and printers.
Use of a digital computer
- It is used for mathematical calculations, arithmetic work, spacecraft, health field, schools, colleges, large or small organizations, factories, etc.
- It is used almost everywhere to store photos, music, videos, applications, documents, and other files.
- Digital computers are used to control industrial and manufacturing processes.
- In factories, multiple tasks can be done at the same time to operate automatic machines.
- It can store a large amount of data and can retrieve data at a high speed.
- Users can perform multiple tasks without any interference.
- The processing speed is very fast and it does the job within seconds.
computer history
History of the computer: The history of the computer Thousands of years ago the" abacus "was used inarithmetic, which is considered the first computer. Subsequently,many mechanical devices for arithmetic were invented, such as the Pascaline calculator made by Blaise Pascal . But the memory was not used in any device, which resulted in it not working. Then in the early eighteenth century, Charles Pavege (Charles Babbage) used the " analytical engine " and the " difference engine noun" the machine in which memory was used. From these ideas began the future of the modern computer. Charles Babbage built the first mechanical computer, hence the name " Father of the Computer ".he claims.
Computer 1st to 5th generation
The history of the computer goes back many years. It has five main generations. There have been many technological advances in each generation that have changed the efficiency of computer work. Computer generation is briefly discussed below:-
#First generation of computer
In the early years of the computing age, the first generation of computers (the first generation of computers) was developed in 1940-1956, which was called an " vacuum tube ". Earlier, with computer creation technology, it would have taken weeks to perform a task and get the output result. Earlier, perforated cards were used to get the inputs and outputs printed.
An example of a first generation computer is the ENIAC ( Electronic Digital and Computer Integrator ). Memory vacuum tubes were used in this generation of computers . Because of the vacuum tube, these computers were larger, had less memory, and consumed more electricity. Some examples of first generation private computers are EDSAC, UNIVAC, UNIVAC-1, IBM-701 and IBM 650.
# The second generation of the computer
The second generation came from computers (second - generation computer) between 1956 and 1964. He used this generation of computers , transistors , which were much better than the vacuum tube. Transistors were faster, cheaper, reliable, and smaller than the first generation. But for its output (punched and printed card) the same was used as in the first generation. The high level FORTRAN and COBOL language were used in this generation of computers. Examples of second generation computer are IBM 7094, UNIVAC 1108, Honeywell 400, CDC 1604, and CDC 3600.
# The third generation of the computer
The third generation of computers (the third generation of computers) came between 1964 and 1971. With the advent of the third generation, there has been a lot of development in the field of computer. In this generation of computers, integrated circuits (ICs) were used instead of transistors . Third-generation computers were more reliable, smaller, and faster in processing than second-generation computers. Operating systems with a high-level language were used to control this generation of computers, keyboards and monitors were used for input and output. Examples of third-generation computers include the PDP-1, PDP-5, PDP-8, ICL 2903, ICL 1900, and UNIVAC 1108.
# The fourth generation of the computer
Fourth generation of computers (the fourth generation of computers) Between 1971 and 1985, a VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated) chip was used instead of the integrated circuit (IC) chip in the computer , which is called a "microprocessor". These were compact, reliable, smart computers that were much more powerful. It can be connected to a separate input and output device. In the end they were able to connect to the network and the development of the Internet.
The use of VLSI made it possible to use the central processing unit (CPU) on a single chip. Computers of this generation used an operating system (OS) based on a graphical user interface (GUI). It was very easy to do arithmetic and logical work. Fourth generation computer examples are IBM 4341, DEC 10, STAR 1000, ZX - Spectrum, PDP 11, Macintosh, and CRAY-1 (Super Computer).
#Fifth generation of computer
The fifth generation of the computer (the fifth generation of the computer) Since 1985 until now, all computers that will come in the future have been kept under the fifth generation. Fifth generation computers are computing devices based on artificial intelligence (AI). Efforts are being made to make computers of this generation intelligent using artificial intelligence so that the tasks of voice recognition, image control, and parallel processing can be performed at a very high speed and with a very high data storage capacity.
In the computers of the fifth generation, the use of a slide ULSIC (integrated circuit with a range wide ) accurate as a therapist rather than VLSIC . With this new technology, the size and performance of the microprocessor has increased significantly compared to the fourth generation. Artificial intelligence is an emerging branch of computer science, and it explains the way a computer thinks and behaves like humans. All high-level languages such as C, C++, Window 95, Visual Basic, Java, .Net, Python, etc., are used in the fifth generation of computers. Examples of 5th Generation Computers Desktop, Laptop, Notebooks, UltraBook, ChromeBook, and Param (Super Computer)
Briefly:
Yes, friends, I hope today's post , What is a digital computer (what is a digital computer) is liked . Besides, I got information about types of digital computers, number of computer parts, computer classification, digital computer functions etc., through this blog. I hope the information I provided on your digital computer was useful to you.
As you know from this post, nowadays is the age of digital computer and it is widely used in all fields such as scientific research and engineering apart from experience, it can be used to analyze automated industrial processes, transportation systems and other statistical data must also be done. Digital computers work efficiently and accurately without getting tired.
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